Chinese painting teaching

教案 Lesson plans

一、中国画的历史及分类 First, the history of Chinese painting and classification

中国画是为了区别于西方输入的油画（又称西洋画）等外国绘画而称之为中国画，简称国画。 Chinese painting is to import oil from the West (also known as the Western painting), and other foreign referred to as Chinese painting and drawing, or painting. 中国画历史悠久，远在2000多年前的战国时期就出现了画在丝织品上的绘画——帛画（龙凤人物图），这之前又有原始岩画（人面像）和彩陶画《鹳鱼石斧》。 Chinese painting has a long history, far more than 2000 years ago in the Warring States period, there have been painting in the painting on silk - Bo Hua (dragon and phoenix figures chart), and prior to the original rock (like the face) and painted pottery painting, "Stork axes fish." 中国画按其使用材料和表现方法，又可细分为水墨画、重彩、浅绛、工笔、写意、白描等；中国画按照题材分三大画科---人物画、山水画、花鸟画。 Chinese painting their use of materials and methods of performance, but also for the breakdown of the ink, re-color, Qianjiang, fine brushwork, freehand brushwork, and so on Baimiao; Chinese painting in accordance with sub-themes of the three branches --- painting portraits, landscapes, bird and flower painting. 中国画在思想内容和艺术创作上，反映了中华民族的社会意识和审美情趣，集中体现了中国人对自然、社会及与之相关联的政治、哲学、宗教、道德、文艺等方面的认识。 Chinese painting in the ideological content and artistic creation, reflects Chinese people's awareness of social and aesthetic appeal, embodies the Chinese people on the natural, social and associated with the political, philosophical, religious, moral, artistic, and so on.

中国画是用中国所独有的毛笔、水墨和颜料，依照长期形成的表现形式及艺术法则而创作出的绘画。 Chinese painting is unique to the Chinese writing brush, ink and paint, in accordance with long-standing rule and artistic form of expression and creation of a painting.

二、中国画的工具、材料和使用方法 Second, Chinese painting tools, materials and methods of use

1、调色工具：以白色的瓷器制品较佳，调色或调墨应准备小碟子数个，除色以梅花盘及层碟较理想，不同的颜料应该分开储放。 1, the tool palette: white porcelain products better, or color ink should be prepared to transfer a number of small dishes, with the exception of color with plum-disc set and a better, different color should be stored separately.

贮水盂：盛水作洗笔或供应清水之用，亦以白色瓷器为较佳。 Cup water storage: water for washing or pens use water supply, also white porcelain for the better.

画毡：衬在画桌上，可以防止墨渗透将画沾污，铺纸后画面也不易被笔将纸擦坏。 Carpet painting: painting on the table in the liner to prevent infiltration of ink painting will be stained, the paper shop after the screen is not easily wipe pen to paper bad.

笔：笔分硬毫与软毫两类，狼毫、紫毫等为硬毫。 Pen: Pen cents at hardware and software categories cents, Lang Hao, for hardware such as Zihao cents. 特点是有弹性、吸水少、流水快，画线条挺直、流畅，易画枯笔。 Characterized by a flexible, less water, fast flowing water, drawing straight lines, smooth and easy to dry paint pen. 羊毫为软毫特点是吸水量多，流水慢，画出的墨色滋润、圆浑，浓淡变化明显。 Yang Hao cents for soft water is characterized by multi-volume, slow-flowing water, the color of the draw moisture, Yuanhun, obvious changes in the value of the concentration.

墨砚：墨用油烟墨，砚以磨出细腻发黑的墨为好。 Yan Mexico: Mexico by fumes from Mexico, Mo Chu Yan in the delicate black ink for good. 现在用的墨汁如一得阁也能画出相应的效果。 Now with the Court must act in the same ink can also draw the corresponding results.

纸：写意用的纸是生宣纸，在众多的种类中以徽宣纸最好，能表现墨色变化效果。 Paper: The paper is a decent-sheng paper, in many types of paper so as to the best logo, to effect changes in the performance of the color.

颜料：国画颜料分矿物质颜料与植物颜料两类。 Color: color painting sub-mineral pigment plant and two types of paint. 矿物质颜料有赭石、朱砂、石青、石绿等，植物颜料有藤黄（有毒，不要放入口中）胭脂、花青等色。 There are mineral pigments ocher, Cinnabar, Shiqing, green, and so Gamboge a paint plant (toxic, not to mouth) rouge, such as anthocyanin color. 此外，还有人工合成的铅粉（锌白）朱膘等色。 In addition, there are synthetic Lead (zinc white) colors, such as Zhu fat. 矿物质色厚重，有覆盖性。 Mineral rich color, there is coverage. 植物色也叫水色，透明色薄。 Also known as Color plant color, transparent color thin.

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