1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting
2.以-e结尾的动词
(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:
write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving, produce—producing, breathe—breathing
(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:
die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying
(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:
see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing
(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:
sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,
rue—ruing
有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:
glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或 bluing,
true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing
3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词
(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:
run—running, stop—stopping, hop—hopping, plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):
tax—taxing,relax—relaxing
(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:
kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing
(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:
open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:
worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或 focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling
以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(y或w)结尾,可直接加-ing:
pay—paying, throw—throwing,follow—following, draw—drawing, employ—employing
5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:
frolic—frolicking,panic—panicking,mimic—mimicking,picnic—picnicking,traffic—trafficking
这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母 c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/: